The Ideological Concept of the Intellectual 

Dr. Mohammed Awad Mahmoud

Mohammed

osman@ipag.fr

The term ideology was first used by the French philosopher Antoine Destutt de

Tracy in his book Éléments d’idéologie(The Elements of Ideology). Tracy used the

term to describe the study of ideas and how people form beliefs, theories, and

assumptions that shape social life and human behavior.

Over time, the meaning of ideology expanded beyond the study of ideas. It came to

refer to a system of beliefs, values, emotions, and political attitudes that influences

how people view the world and guides their actions. Ideology provides the

foundation for political movements, public policies, and claims to political legitimacy.

Political leaders and intellectuals often adopt specific ideologies that shape their

thinking, language, and behavior. These ideologies also influence their relationships

with political groups and other social actors. Different social classes and groups may

support competing ideologies, some advocating reform and others seeking

revolutionary change. Despite their differences, all ideologies share a common

feature: they appeal to the emotions and beliefs of the masses.

Ideological ideas are not always based on objective scientific proof. Their influence

often comes from their emotional appeal and their ability to mobilize people toward

social or political goals.

When discussing the survival of ideologies in the face of historical change, two

perspectives emerge. The first argues that the most successful ideologies are those

supported by strong political and economic power, capable of adapting to changing

circumstances and responding to the needs of their citizens. From this viewpoint,

Western liberal-democratic systems appear particularly resilient because of their

economic strength, political influence, and cultural appeal. These systems have often

been able to absorb or influence other ideologies while maintaining their dominant

position.

A second perspective suggests that the era of narrow and rigid ideologies is coming

to an end. History has shown that extremist ideologies, when they gain power,

frequently lead to authoritarian governments, political repression, and conflict.

Rather than fulfilling their promises, they often create divisions and justify wars or

internal struggles in the name of ideology.

The continued fragmentation of many political ideologies further demonstrates that

no single ideological framework can completely unite political leaders or societies.

Internal disagreements and competing interpretations often lead to splits and the

emergence of new political movements.

Many advanced societies increasingly view traditional ideological conflicts as less

important than broader goals such as democracy, human rights, and the

development of civil society. In these societies, political disagreement is generally

managed through democratic institutions rather than ideological confrontation.

As civil society becomes stronger, social relations tend to become more stable and

harmonious. In contrast, societies where ideological divisions remain intense may be

more vulnerable to social fragmentation and political conflict. In developed

democracies, criticism and disagreement are usually regarded as legitimate forms of

free expression protected by law, whereas in less developed political systems they

may be viewed as threats to social unity.

However, this does not mean that important ideologies exist only in the West. Many

societies around the world possess intellectual traditions and ideological frameworks

that offer valuable ideas, cultural strengths, and alternative visions for social and

political development. These ideologies can contribute to civilisation, respect the

aspirations of nations, and help shape both present and future generations.

In summary ,ideology is a system of ideas and beliefs that shapes political and social

behaviour. While ideologies continue to influence societies, modern political

development increasingly emphasises democracy, human rights, civil society, and

adaptability rather than rigid ideological commitment.